尖晶石LiMn2O4纳米粉的合成 及其交流阻抗性能研究

以LiOH和电解二氧化锰(EMD)为原料,葡萄糖为还原剂,制备了粒径为200nm左右的球状尖晶石LiMn2O4纳米粒子,并用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对样品进行了结构和形貌的表征.在循环伏安测试(CV)峰电位下研究了该材料嵌脱锂相变过程中的交流阻抗(EIS)图谱,并提出一种新的等效电路对EIS图谱进行拟合...     

Pd-La/γ-Al2O3和Pd-La/MgAl2O4对2,6-二异丙基苯酚气相胺化反应的催化性能

 采用XRD,BET,吡啶吸附-IR,NH3-TPD和XPS等手段表征了Pd-La/γ-Al2O3和Pd-La/MgAl2O4负载型催化剂的物理性质和表面酸性,并对比研究了两种催化剂在2,6-二异丙基苯酚(DIPP)气相胺化制2,6-二异丙基苯胺(DIPA)反应中的催化性能. 结果表明,采用镁铝尖晶石载体大幅度提高了催化剂的活性、选择性和稳定性. 在Pd-La/MgAl2O4催化剂上,在n(NH3)/n(DIPP)=10,n(H2)/n(DIPP)=20,LHSV=0.3 h-1,θ=220 ℃和t=73 h的条件下,2,6-二异丙基苯酚转化率可达98.5%,2,6-二异丙基苯胺的选择性和收率分别可达88.9%和87.5%. 该催化剂连续运转400 h,反应到200 h时2,6-二异丙基苯胺的收率仍可达80%以上.     

CoFe2-xRExO4(RE=Tb,Dy)纳米晶薄膜的化学合成及磁性

以溶胶-凝胶法制备了稀土铽或镝掺杂的钴尖晶石铁氧体纳米晶薄膜.考察了Tb或Dy的掺杂量及晶化条件对晶相的影响.结果表明,稀土离子的掺杂量x超过0.3时,样品很难形成尖晶石单相.原子力显微镜对纳米晶薄膜表面形貌的观测显示,溶胶-凝胶法制备的薄膜粒度可控制在20～50nm,且具有较高的表面平整度.对于厚度为200nm的薄膜,均方根粗糙度仅为4～5nm.磁特性研究发现,掺杂Tb或Dy的样品矫顽力明显提高.     

几种尖晶石型复合氧化物纳米粉体的制备及气敏性

采用化学共沉淀法合成了4种尖晶石型复合氧化物MFe₂O₄(M=Cu²⁺,Zn²⁺,Cd²⁺,Mg²⁺).X射线粉末衍射分析、透射电镜及比表面测定等表征结果表明它们均为具有较大比表面积的纳米粉体,平均粒径<50nm.将样品做成厚膜型气敏元件,测定了其对乙炔、液化石油气、一氧化碳、氢气和乙醇等还原(可燃)性气体的气敏特性。     

Site Preference of Cations and Structural Variation in MgAl2–xGaxO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) Spinel Solid Solution

The crystal structures of MgAl_2–xGa_xO₄ (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) spinel solid solutions (x = 0.00, 0.38, 0.76, 0.96, 1.52, 2.00) were refined using ²⁷Al MAS NMR measurements and single crystal X‐ray diffraction technique. Site preferences of cations were investigated. The inversion parameter (i) of MgAl₂O₄ (i = 0.206) is slightly larger than given in previous studies. It is considered that the difference of inversion parameter is caused by not only the difference of heat treatment time but also some influence of melting with a flux. The distribution of Ga³⁺ is little affected by a change of the temperature from 1473 K to 973 K. The degree of order‐disorder of Mg²⁺ or Al³⁺ between the fourfold‐ and sixfold‐coordinated sites is almost constant against Ga³⁺ content (x) in the solid solution. A compositional variable of the Ga/(Mg + Ga) ratio in the sixfold‐coordinated site has a constant value through the whole compositional range: the ratio is not influenced by the occupancy of Al³⁺. The occupancy of Al³⁺ is independent of the occupancy of Ga³⁺, though it depends on the occupancy of Mg²⁺ according to thermal history. The local bond lengths were estimated from the refined data of solid solutions. The local bond length between specific cation and oxygen corresponds with that expected from the effective ionic radii except local Al–O bond length in the fourfold‐coordinated site and local Mg–O bond length in the sixfold‐coordinated site. The local Al–O bond length in the fourfold‐coordinated site (1.92 Å) is about 0.15 Å longer than the expected bond length. This difference is induced by a difference in site symmetry of the fourfold‐coordinated site. The nature that Al³⁺ in spinel structure occupies mainly the sixfold‐coordinated site arises from the character of Al³⁺ itself. The local Mg–O bond length in the sixfold‐coordinated site (2.03 Å) is about 0.07 Å shorter than the expected one. Difference Fourier synthesis for MgGa₂O₄ shows a residual electron density peak of about 0.17 e/ų in height on the center of (Ga_0.59 Mg_0.41)–O bond. This peak indicates the covalent bonding nature of Ga–O bond on the sixfold‐coordinated site in the spinel structure.     

Mg-Fe尖晶石复合氧化物对苯乙烯选择氧化反应的催化性能

研究了以H₂O₂为氧化剂时Mg-Fe尖晶石复合氧化物催化剂对苯乙烯选择氧化制苯甲醛反应的催化性能.结果表明,非化学计量比的Mg-Fe尖晶石复合氧化物催化剂的活性优于纯MgFe₂O₄尖晶石相,苯甲醛产率达到20%左右.在非化学计量比的Mg-Fe尖晶石复合氧化物中掺入适量的Al³⁺后,可进一步提高催化活性,苯甲醛最高产率达到33.4%.催化剂表征数据揭示,非化学计量比的Mg-Fe和Mg-Fe-Al复合氧化物催化剂是由纳米尺度的铁酸盐尖晶石和α-Fe₂O₃微晶相构成的.除了非化学计量比尖晶石具有较多的缺陷结构外,α-Fe₂O₃微晶相的存在也可能是造成非化学计量比催化剂活性高的原因之一.     

Experimental Investigation of Pure Spinel Mn3O4 Properties Synthesized through Chemical Spray Pyrolysis for Future Gas Sensor Application

The semiconductor realization is a very significant stage in gas sensor application. Herein, the Mn₃O₄ semiconductor was deposited using chemical spray pyrolysis. The effect of deposition temperature on structural, vibrational optical and electrical Mn₃O₄ thin layers properties were investigated through: X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometer, and two points electrometers respectively. The X-ray diffraction showed the appearance of spinel phase of tetragonal Mn₃O₄ with strong formation direction along (101) plan and without any secondary phase indicating the formation of pure Mn₃O₄. The Raman spectroscopy confirmed the results obtained in XRD and certified the high-quality formation of Mn₃O₄. In addition, the crystallinity improvement (the increase of crystallite size and the decrease of dislocation density) was caused by the increasing of deposition temperature from 350 °C to 450 °C. Optical properties such as transmittance, absorbance and band gap energy were extracted by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Thus, low transmittance, high absorbance and small band gap energy were observed at the highest substrate temperature (450 °C). The electrical conductivity showed good values between 4.83 and 13.89 mS.cm⁻¹. These properties make Mn₃O₄ an appropriate material to be used as a sensitive layer in gas sensors applications.